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Friday 31 October 2014

In Kenya, UN chief kicks off global media campaign to end female genital mutilation

At age one, Fatima was subjected to female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in her village in Afar Region of Ethiopia which has one of the world’s highest prevalence rates. Photo: UNICEF/Kate Holt

30 October 2014 – The practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) must come to a quick end and the global media can play a critical role in making that happen, Secretary-GeneralBan Ki-moon affirmed today during his visit to the Kenyan capital of Nairobi.
Speaking at the launch of the Global Media Campaign against female genital mutilation organized by the Guardian Media Group, the Secretary-General underscored the importance of placing a greater media focus on the issue, which condemns millions of girls and women to the brutal practice each year.
“Change can happen through sustained media attention on the damaging public health consequences of FGM, as well as on the abuse of the rights of hundreds of thousands of women and girls around the world,” Mr. Ban confirmed.
New data recently released by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) shows the need for urgent action to end FGM. According to UNICEF, more than 130 million girls and women have experienced some form of female genital mutilation in the 29 countries in Africa and the Middle East where the harmful practice is most common.
In his remarks, Mr. Ban highlighted the courage of individual activists in promoting greater awareness among at-risk girls and women, noting that sustained public pressure along with media awareness could help generate “concrete results.”
In the United Kingdom, where over 20,000 girls are currently at risk of FGM, Mr. Ban praised the efforts of Fahma Mohamed who had secured a commitment from the Government to write to all schools warning about the dangers of the practice. Meanwhile, in the United States, where risks are similarly high among certain diaspora communities, he cited the Guardian campaign led by FGM survivor Jaha Dukereh which led the Government to promise to carry out the first national survey on FGM prevalence.
“The mutilation of girls and women must stop in this generation – our generation,” the Secretary-General said, adding that the fight to end FGM was not solely limited to female campaigners.
“Men and boys must also be encouraged to support the fight against FGM – and they should be praised when they do.”
As part of its wider Organizational push to end FGM, Mr. Ban announced a new, joint UN Population Fund (UNFPA) – Guardian International FGM Reporting Award to be granted annually to an African reporter who has demonstrated “innovation and commitment” in covering FGM. The competition winner, he said, would spend two months training and working at The Guardian’s offices in London while, in Kenya, another five joint UNFPA-Guardian FGM Reporting Grants would also be awarded to the country’s leading media houses to help support their reporting on FGM.
“Ending FGM is part of the UN’s unwavering campaign for the health, human rights and empowerment of women and girls,” said Mr. Ban. “We salute the girls and women who have fought against FGM and reclaimed their bodies. We now need them to be the norm rather than the exception.”
The Secretary-General’s visit to Kenya is the fourth stop in a visit to the Horn of Africa aimed at promoting development and consolidating peace and security across the wider region. The trip unites the capacities of the UN, World Bank, European Union, Islamic Development Bank, and African Development Bank and targets a swathe of countries in the Horn of Africa, spanning Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan and Uganda, with an $8 billion development initiative.
During his visit to Nairobi, Mr. Ban and other senior UN officials also met with the President of Kenya, Uhuru Kenyatta, as over 42 African countries adopted a new “historic” framework aimed at setting in motion the continent’s sustainable transport transition, a press release from the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) announced.
The framework, formulated at the Africa Sustainable Transport Forum (ASTF), organized by UNEP, the World Bank, and the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), seeks to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transport in Africa by encouraging governments to adopt a comprehensive approach that aims to promote the use of low-emission non-motorized transport, the development of quality public transport and increase investment in clean technologies.
Pollution from transport is an increasingly insidious problem, particularly as data indicates that global air population kills an estimated 7 million people annually.
The World Bank warns that the transport sector produces roughly 23 per cent of the global CO2 emissions from fuel combustion. More “alarmingly,” notes the World Bank, transportation is the fastest growing consumer of fossil fuels and the fastest growing source of CO2 emissions.
Achim Steiner, UNEP Executive Director, welcomed the adopted framework, stating that it provided “a window of opportunity to mitigate climate change threats and ensure the health and well-being of millions of Africans by introducing clean and efficient transportation.”
“The ASTF Framework will provide the platform for Africa’s decision-makers to share best practices, coordinate sustainable transport efforts and provide focus to development planning to transition its transport sector into one that is more resource-efficient, environmentally sound and cost-effective for its ambitious and increasingly mobile population,” he stated.
Joan Clos, Executive Director of UN-Habitat, agreed. “The ASTF Framework, and the bi-annual ASTF meetings, will allow leaders to share knowledge and best practices, while acting as a mechanism for funding and investment for sustainable transport infrastructure across the region.”

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Rethinking hunger

Rethinking hunger

Despite gains in expanding the food supply, at least 805 million people still go hungry every day, of whom some 791 million live in developing countries, writes Jomo Kwame Sundaram.
Jomo Kwame Sundaram is Assistant Director-General and Coordinator for Economic and Social Development at the Food and Agriculture Organisation.    
The world has a nutrition problem. Though great strides have been made toward the Millennium Development Goal of halving the proportion of undernourished people in developing countries, the problem remains persistent, pervasive, and complex. After all, the issue goes beyond merely providing more food; effective efforts to reduce undernourishment must ensure that people have access to enough of the right types of food – those that give them the nutrients they need to live healthy, productive lives.
Since 1945, food production has tripled, and food availability has risen by 40%, on average, per person. Over the last decade alone, vegetable production in the Asia-Pacific region, where more than three-quarters of the world’s vegetables are grown, increased by one-quarter.
But, despite these gains in expanding the food supply, at least 805 million people still go hungry every day, of whom some 791 million live in developing countries. Many more go hungry seasonally or intermittently. And more than two billion people suffer from “hidden hunger” – one or more micronutrient deficiencies.
Hunger and undernourishment damage the health and productivity of adults, undermining their ability to learn and work. Moreover, they impede children’s physical and cognitive development, and leave them more susceptible to illness and premature death. Stunted growth due to malnutrition affects one in four children under the age of five.
Adequate nutrition is most vital during the first 1,000 days of life (from conception to a child’s second birthday). But, even after that, hunger and undernourishment continue to diminish children’s chances of surviving to adulthood, much less reaching their full potential.
Ironically, in many parts of the world, pervasive hunger coexists with rising levels of obesity. More than 1.5 billion people are overweight, with one-third of them considered obese. These people are particularly vulnerable to non-communicable diseases like heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
Contrary to popular belief, obesity is often related less to an overabundance of food than to inadequate access to affordable, diverse, and balanced diets. The challenge facing the international community is thus to ensure adequate consumption of the right kinds of food.
This means developing food systems that are more responsive to people’s needs, particularly those of the socially excluded and economically marginalised. Mothers, young children, the elderly, and the disabled are among the most vulnerable to the pitfalls of undernourishment, and should be given special attention in efforts to end food insecurity and undernourishment.
In order to ensure that today’s efforts benefit future generations, strategies to improve global food systems must emphasise environmental sustainability. Specifically, world leaders must reassess prevailing food-production processes, which often put considerable stress on natural resources by exhausting freshwater supplies, encroaching on forests, degrading soils, depleting wild fish stocks, and reducing biodiversity. Making matters worse, the lack of adequate infrastructure for storing and transporting food to consumers contributes to massive losses.
Of course, it is essential to strike the right balance between producing enough nutrient-dense food and preserving the environment. Consider livestock production, which accounts for many foods – including milk, eggs, and meat – that have enriched diets in developing countries and provide livelihoods for millions. Unsustainable production systems, combined with wasteful and excessive consumption in some regions of the world, have had serious consequences in terms of climate change, disease transmission, and nutritional balance.
But, with a strong political commitment, global food-production systems can be transformed. An obvious step would be to ensure that all food-related programs, policies, and interventions account for nutrition and sustainability. Likewise, food-related research and development should focus on facilitating the production of nutrient-rich foods and the diversification of farming systems. Finding ways to use water, land, fertilizer, and labor more efficiently, and with minimal adverse impact, is essential to ecological sustainability.
Equally important will be interventions that empower local communities to improve their diets. This requires comprehensive public-health and education campaigns, social protection to enhance resilience, and initiatives to boost employment and income generation.
Finally, producers and distributors need support and encouragement to transform their existing systems. After all, a shift toward sustainability cannot come at the expense of farmers’ livelihoods.
Better nutrition makes economic sense. Malnutrition in all of its forms reduces global economic welfare by about 5% annually, through foregone output and additional costs incurred. The economic gains of reducing micronutrient deficiencies are estimated to have a cost/benefit ratio of almost 1:13.
The upcoming Second International Conference on Nutrition in Rome will provide a historic opportunity to galvanize political commitment to enhance nutrition for all through better policies and international solidarity. Failure to make the needed investments in food access, nutrition, and sustainability is morally – and economically – unjustifiable.

http://www.euractiv.com/sections/agriculture-food/rethinking-hunger-309640



[AfricaRealities] Fw: *DHR* Lake Rweru: two more floating corpses recovered this week.

 


Subject: *DHR* Lake Rweru: two more floating corpses recovered this week.

 

Two more floating corpses recovered on Lake Rweru in southern Rwanda

Posted by: APA Posted date : October 31, 2014 at 1:15 pm UTC 16 views In: Africa
Bodies of two unidentified men have been recovered this week by security agencies floating in Lake Rweru located in southern Rwanda, bringing the total to seven corpses that have been so far recovered on the lake.
Local media in Kigali reports Friday that the decomposing bodies floating on the water surface have been retrieved and those counted since these series of unidentified bodies came to the spotlights of international attention, pushing the United States Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) to officially announce its willingness to take up the case.
In a related development, the Burundian authorities have maintained that all the corpses that have been recovered by fishermen from Rweru, a small lake straddling across the common border of the two countries were from Rwanda, but the the Rwandan minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Louise Mushikiwabo has strongly refuted these "false claims".
APA notes that the first corpses were found on the lake in late August, but the Burundian authorities have since confirmed the establishment of an investigation commission in order to clarify the situation regarding the corpses which have not yet been identified as their origin still remains a mystery.
"These allegations [by Burundian authorities] over corpses on Lake Rweru contained grave accusations and they cannot be taken lightly. Rwanda remains determined to take immediate corrective measures should those who made those allegations prove to have any factual basis," Mushikiwabo told reporters in Kigali.
Rwanda and Burundi are neighours that share the same history, language and tradition.
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[AfricaRealities] Fw: *DHR* Rwanda - Burkina Faso a warning to other African leaders.

 


Subject: *DHR* Rwanda - Burkina Faso a warning to other African leaders.

 

Burkina Faso a warning to other African leaders

on October 31, 2014   /   in Politics 5:20 pm   /   Comments
Nairobi – Violent clashes in Burkina Faso that led to the overthrow of the president are a stark warning to other African leaders pushing constitutional change to hang on to power, analysts say.
Chaos in Burkina Faso erupted this week as lawmakers prepared to vote to allow 63-year-old Blaise Compaore — who took power in a 1987 coup — to contest elections in November 2015.
People celebrate in the capital Ouagadougou after Burkina Faso's embattled President Blaise Compaore announced earlier on October 31, 2014, he was stepping down to make way for elections following a violent uprising against his 27-year rule. Blaise took power in a coup in 1987 but quickly swapped the "democratic revolution's" Marxist ideals for authoritarian rule. AFP PHOTO
People celebrate in the capital Ouagadougou after Burkina Faso's embattled President Blaise Compaore announced earlier on October 31, 2014, he was stepping down to make way for elections following a violent uprising against his 27-year rule. Blaise took power in a coup in 1987 but quickly swapped the "democratic revolution's" Marxist ideals for authoritarian rule. AFP PHOTO
While Compaore was forced out Friday, Burkina Faso is far from alone in having a president reluctant to relinquish office.
"It is a warning both to ageing regimes and for those trying to stay in power beyond constitutional limits," said Thierry Vircoulon of the International Crisis Group (ICG).
"During the Arab Spring the question was whether Africa will have its own spring? Perhaps the attempts to change the constitutions will lead to it now."
Countries including Benin, Burundi, Congo-Brazzaville, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda are all reportedly pondering change to allow their leaders a third term.
But the impact of events in Ouagadougou, and the storming of its parliament, may give several leaders across the continent "pause for thought", said Paul Melly from Britain's Chatham House.
"Burkina Faso has demonstrated that in today's Africa popular acquiescence cannot be taken for granted," Melly said.
– 'Wake-up call for presidents' –
Burkina Faso is far from the first country where heads of state seeking to extend their rule have been challenged.
In Niger, Mamadou Tandja was ousted by the army in 2010 after a third-term bid, while in contrast, Senegal's President Abdoulaye Wade lost 2012 elections despite winning constitutional permission to run three times.
Some have carried it off. Cameroon's Paul Biya, in power since 1982, successfully changed laws for another term in 2011, but the strongman had ensured the opposition was quashed.
Other nations were laws have been tinkered with to the benefit of their leaders include Algeria, Angola, Chad, Djibouti and Uganda.
But events in Ouagadougou may ring alarm bells for others.
"The evolving situation in Burkina Faso will hopefully serve as a wake-up call for presidents who are considering tailoring the constitution to suit their own interests, in west Africa and beyond," said David Zounmenou, from the South African-based Institute for Security Studies (ISS).
And while the African Union sanctions those who make constitutional changes for the purpose of staying in power, such threats have had little impact, Zounmenou added.
Countries vary and not all leaders have been in power for as long as the 27 years Compaore lasted, Vircoulon said, noting that a crucial factor would be "the state of mind" of the people.
In tightly controlled Rwanda, allies of strongman President Paul Kagame have called for referendum to change the constitutional to allow him to run in 2017.
In contrast, the political climate in neighbouring Burundi is far more volatile for President Pierre Nkurunziza, who is expected to defy critics to run for a third term next year.
"Authoritarian traditions are still influential in some countries," Melly said. "Few would bet against Kagame or Congo-Brazzaville's Denis Sassou-Nguesso successfully pushing through a rule change to open their way to further terms of office."
For others however the risks are greater.
Burundi's Nkurunziza and DR Congo's Joseph Kabila might "be "tempted to follow suit –- although for them it could be a higher risk exercise, governing countries with vocal civil society and state machines of limited establishment power," Melly added.
And while Compaore's fall may provide a lesson to some, many will still be tempted.
It is "up to the citizens to take responsibility to counter these political adventurers who undermine democracy and the promotion of lasting peace," Zounmenou added, lamenting Africa's reputation as a place of non-stop crises.
"It is time to change that, to make democratic structures outside individual politicians to allow socio-economic development," he said.
- See more at: http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/10/burkina-faso-warning-african-leaders/?#sthash.O4g5XeU1.dpuf

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[AfricaRealities] Kagame - Burkina Faso - Revolution or Protest?

 

After Blaise Compaore , the next is the dictator and war criminal Paul Kagame. Kagame hopes to  get a peaceful and luxury retirement while  thousands of  bodies of people he killed  are buried in Uganda,  RD Congo, Rwanda and other countries.  He hopes to be exonerated for his crimes because  he uses foreign aid to pay bribes to hungry  white people who write praising  books and media articles about him.  Kagame does not know  that everything that was started has an end. This is the same for Yoweri Museveni. Let's wait and see !

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Sent: Friday, 31 October 2014, 16:39
Subject: *DHR* Kagame - Burkina Faso - Revolution or Protest?

 

Burkina Faso - Revolution or Protest?

Photo: Fasozine
More than one million people to the streets to deter President Blaise Compaore from changing the constitution of Burkina Faso in order to a third term in 2015.
ANALYSIS
By Paul Melly
Have we been watching Burkina Faso's people power revolution – or just a wave of angry urban protest that will be contained as President Blaise Compaoré's regime regains its nerve?
Burkina Faso rarely makes the headlines. It is less known for politics than for hosting Africa's leading film festival.
President Blaise Compaoré has sought to retain domestic support and international confidence through economic development, presenting himself as the face of stable continuity. West Africa's preeminent diplomatic crisis mediator, he is also a key security ally of the West.
But Compaoré's regime now faces its gravest crisis since he seized power almost 27 years ago following the unexplained murder of his close colleague, the charismatic revolutionary leader Thomas Sankara.
Now in 2014, seeking to change the constitution so he could run for up to three more consecutive terms of office – starting with next year's presidential election – he appears to have pushed popular acceptance beyond breaking point.
Earlier this week, hundreds of thousands of people filled the streets of Ouagadougou to demonstrate against a planned parliamentary vote to approve the constitutional change.
Confident it was assured the votes of the necessary 75 per cent majority of parliamentarians, the regime decided to go ahead with the vote anyway. The debate was scheduled for yesterday morning.
But it had to be abandoned after demonstrators broke into the national assembly and set it on fire. They also forced national television off air before moving on to gather outside the presidential palace.
Protesters also trashed the home of a government parliamentarian, the hotel where parliamentarians were reportedly lodged before the constitution debate, and the home of the president's brother François. There have been protests in Bobo Dioulasso, the country's second city too, while in Fada Ngourma protesters had already looted the office of the ruling Congress for Democracy and Progress (CDP) earlier in the week.
While loyalist security forces such as the presidential guard tried to resist the protesters – around 30 of whom were killed – some army units appear sympathetic to the demonstrators.
Compaoré appeared on television last night insisting he would remain in office through a transition before handing power to 'the elected president' – vague wording apparently intended to keep his options open.
But the opposition has maintained pressure with further demonstrations and this morning an armed forces chief of staff spokesman has addressed crowds in Ouagadougou, promising that the army will oversee a democratic transition.
A joint United Nations/African Union/ECOWAS mediation team is set to meet key players in Ouagadougou today.
What will it mean?
Have we been watching Burkina's people power revolution – or just a wave of angry urban protest that will be contained as the regime regains its nerve?
At the very least, these events demonstrate the depth of urban disenchantment with Compaoré, who has never commanded the sort of popular affection felt for Sankara – posters of whom are still widely on sale on Ouagadougou street stalls more than 26 years after his death.
There is anger at the growth of corruption. A once admired focus on grassroots development has faded, while a well-connected elite has grown prosperous. Three years ago, a wave of army mutinies over soldiers' pay and conditions exposed the state machine as more fragile than had been imagined.
It is against this context that the proposal relaxation of presidential terms limits finally breached public tolerance.
It was also a drastic misjudgement of political tactics on the part of the regime. If, as originally expected, Compaoré had opted for a referendum to secure constitutional change, he might well have pulled it off – using his presidential profile to mobilise the vote of the placid rural majority in his favour.
Instead, it is the very immediate survival of his presidency that is in now jeopardy.
African impact
There is much speculation about the wider implications for Africa – where a number of other presidents also appear to have designs on relaxing constitutional term limits. Only last week, addressing a Chatham House audience, Rwanda's Paul Kagame dropped a broad hint of designs in this direction.
But the impact of this week's events in Ouagadougou – watched across the continent on satellite TV – may vary, depending on the region.
They must surely give pause for thought to President Thomas Boni Yayi of neighbouring Benin – where any attempt to change term limits would dramatically challenge a well-established tradition of regular democratic changes of power.
Indeed, the entire Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) bloc is formally committed to respect for constitutional democracy.
In Niger, a third term bid by former president Mamadou Tandja provoked his removal by the army in 2010, followed by a transition to new elections. In Senegal, President Abdoulaye Wade did manage to change the rules, only to be punished by the voters with crushing defeat in the subsequent election in 2012.
However, political culture in central Africa and the Great Lakes is rather different and authoritarian traditions are still influential in some countries. Few would bet against Kagame or Congo-Brazzaville's Denis Sassou-Nguesso successfully pushing through a rule change to open their way to further terms of office.
Burundi's Pierre Nkurunziza and Joseph Kabila of the Democratic Republic of Congo might also be tempted to follow suit – although for them it could be a higher risk exercise, governing countries with vocal civil society and state machines of limited establishment power.
Burkina Faso has demonstrated that in today's Africa popular acquiescence cannot be taken for granted.
Paul Melly is an Associate Fellow, Africa Programme, Chatham House. This article was updated on 31 October.
More on This
AU Deeply Concerned By the Unfolding Situation in Burkina Faso 
The Chairperson of the Commission of the African Union (AU), Dr. Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma, has expressed deep concern … see more »
This article was originally posted on the Chatham House website.

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